github精选：Let's Encrypt + nginx 配置https

鉴于小程序的外接API服务器必须基于https协议， 这两天摸索着先拿团队博客来配置。

目前一切OK，在此梳理梳理下基本流程。

wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto    // 获取certbot-auto 客户端  
git clone git@github.com:certbot/certbot.git    // 通过github 获取客户端
sudo chmod a+x certbot-auto
sudo mv certbot-auto /usr/local/bin/     // 移动到这个目录方便全局调用 sudo certbot-auto [options]

然后 执行下

sudo certbot-auto   // 安装各种依赖和配置

如果ok，能弹出一个 图形界面 即表示没有问题，继续下一步

配置 nginx

cd  /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/    // 进入nginx 配置目录 

sudo rm 原配置文件名字   //  将原配置文件删掉

sudo vim 新配置文件名     //  创建并编辑新的配置文件

将下列代码黏贴进去，请自行替换 blog.newteo.com为你的网站域名和项目目录（我绑定的域名和项目目录同名）

server {
    listen               443 ssl; 

    server_name          blog.newteo.com;
    server_tokens        off;
    root /home/joephon/team-blog-repo;

    # ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/fullchain.pem;
    # ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/privkey.pem;
    # ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/chain.pem;

    ssl_ciphers                EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+CHACHA20-draft:EECDH+AES128:RSA+AES128:EECDH+AES256:RSA+AES256:EECDH+3DES:RSA+3DES:!MD5;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    ssl_protocols              TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_session_cache          shared:whatever-SSL:50m;
    ssl_session_timeout        1d;
    ssl_session_tickets        on;
    ssl_stapling               on;
    ssl_stapling_verify        on;

    resolver                   8.8.8.8 valid=300s;
    resolver_timeout           10s;

    if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST|OPTIONS)$ ) {
        return           444;
    }

    location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
       default_type "text/plain";
       root     /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location = /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
       return 404;
    }


    location / {
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_pass https://127.0.0.1:5000;
    }
}

server {
    server_name       blog.newteo.com;
    server_tokens     off;

    access_log        /dev/null;

    if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) {
        return        444;
    }

   #  location / {
   #     rewrite       ^/(.*)$ https://blog.newteo.com/$1 permanent;
   # }
}

重启下nginx

sudo nginx -s reload

执行证书签名

sudo certbot-auto certonly --webroot -w /usr/share/nginx/html -d 网站域名

如果出现下面这段字，那说明成功了

 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/wechat.joephon.com/fullchain.pem. Your cert
   will expire on 2017-02-15. To obtain a new or tweaked version of
   this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto again. To
   non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
   "certbot-auto renew"
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

修改下刚刚配置的 nginx 文件

sudo vim 配置文件名 

将下面三行前面的注释 ‘#’ 去掉

server {
  ...
    # ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/fullchain.pem;
    # ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/privkey.pem;
    # ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/chain.pem;
  ...

   #  location / {
   #     rewrite       ^/(.*)$ https://blog.newteo.com/$1 permanent;
   # }
 ...

}

修改后应该是这样

server {
  ...
    ssl_certificate      /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/blog.newteo.com/chain.pem;
  ...
 
    location / {
       rewrite       ^/(.*)$ https://blog.newteo.com/$1 permanent;
    }
 ...

}

再次重启下nginx

sudo nginx -s reload

重新访问下配置好的域名 如果自动跳转https 则万事大吉了

这个证书只有90天的有效期，所以到期时还需要手动续签

sudo certbot renew --agree-tos --dry-run   // --agree-tos 表示同意默认  --dry-run 表示模拟  真实续签去掉 --dry-run 即可

自动续签

sudo crontab -e

然后填写下面内容（ubuntu 14.X）

0 3 * * 1 /usr/local/bin/certbot-auto renew --agree-tos >> /var/log/le-renew.log
0 0 * * 2 nginx -s reload

ubuntu 16.x

0 3 * * 1 /usr/bin/letsencrypt renew --agree-tos >> /var/log/le-renew.log
0 0 * * 2 nginx -s reload

想知道为什么，可以去看老鱼儿的博客，点这里有各种说明

下面罗列下 应该注意的地方

sudo certbot-auto certonly --webroot -w /usr/share/nginx/html -d 网站域名

这条命令 可以参考下老鱼儿的博客

server {
 ...
 ssl_session_cache          shared:whatever-SSL:50m;  
 ...
}

多站点 必须要 shared:whatever-SSL:50m; （缘由是不可同名）

如果是ubuntu 14.x 则应该没有问题 如果是16.x 则可能会出现github #2883号issue的问题

可以在命令行敲

export LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"

解决问题

但如果是ubuntu 16.x 最好直接

sudo apt update
sudo apt install letsencrypt

上述流程本人只是跑通，并重复配置了多个，显然是ok的，但至于为什么要这样～有待后续探索挖掘